The first in a series of articles introducing custom programming of
IntelliCAD and AutoCAD using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)
This article introduces you to VBA, how it is installed in IntelliCAD and how
to add a VBA routine to a menu. While this may leave VBA as mysterious as ever
for some readers, the fog should begin to clear as the series progresses.
Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) is a programming language which can
be found in a number of Microsoft Windows applications. It has
been developed by Microsoft as a variation of its Visual
Basic programming language, able to be imbedded as a
component into other applications to provide a
Windows-compatible programming environment.
The current versions of both AutoCAD and IntelliCAD now provide VBA as
a programming option. While the VBA implementation in AutoCAD has
a reasonable amount of technical information and on-line
help available, similar information for IntelliCAD is not
so easy to obtain.
Perhaps the first question to be addressed is, why should one use VBA for
programming in IntelliCAD? Here, we can address both AutoCAD and
IntelliCAD equally, as the same reasons apply to both
programs.
Most development in these programs is usually performed using
LISP in IntelliCAD (AutoLISP in AutoCAD), an interpretive
programming language which offers great flexibility. The
biggest drawback with LISP is that it is slow. If
substantial processing of data is required, this can take a
lot of time to complete. Also, to implement any form of dialogue box requires
interfacing with the DCL system and this can be quite messy.
The VBA Editor screen in IntelliCAD
For professional developers, more serious work can be done in SDS in
IntelliCAD
(or ObjectARX in AutoCAD). This involves writing programs, usually
in the C language, then compiling these with certain supplied custom Libraries
to obtain a program module which can run in association with the
CAD program. Such applications run very much faster than LISP and can call
upon all the features available in the C programming language. However, development
in this manner usually requires a much higher level of programming knowledge
and the need to obey specific requirements when interfacing your application
to the host CAD program.
VBA falls neatly into the middle of these two options. It is reputed to
be
only marginally slower in processing speed than ARX,
and only slightly more complex to learn than LISP. In
fact, the real issue is one of difference rather than
complexity. Someone who has only ever used LISP will find VBA
attacks things from a completely different direction. In terms of program
code it is probably much easier than LISP, with the IDE (Integrated Development
Environment, or Editor screen) presenting the most obvious difference.
VBA also provides very easy mechanisms to add full featured dialogue
boxes and other user interface functions to give programs a very professional
look.
The next question to be addressed is, how do we access VBA in IntelliCAD?
We first have to install it. My advice here will relate directly
to the IntelliCAD Professional 2000 by CADopia, though
other versions should be very similar. CADopia only provides VBA support in
their "Professional" version, so this wont work
if you're using the "Standard" version of the
program. I've also not yet determined if their recently release
2001 version has any fundamental changes to it, though I doubt this
would be the case.
The biggest problem with installing VBA is that the procedure is not very
well documented anywhere. Once you know how, it's quite simple.
Installation has to be done manually, after the IntelliCAD
program itself has been installed. So one must first
install IntelliCAD, if this hasn't already been done.
Then, take a look at the sub-directories under the main IntelliCAD root
directory. You should find a sub-directory named "RELEASE". In this
will be a file named "VBA6.MSI". This is the VBA installation program.
What you do next will depend on how the copy of Windows on your particular
computer has been set up, and on what programs it may have run in the past.
My recommendation is to do the following. First, start the Windows File
Manager. Then find the "VBA6.MSI" file in the
"RELEASE" sub-directory and double-click on it.
This should cause Windows to run the file, or to give you
an error message advising it doesn't know what application to use with this
file. If the file runs, then that's great because you have just successfully
installed VBA and don't have to worry about anything in the following
paragraph.
If you get the error message then it will be necessary to run another program
first, then to run the "VBA6.MSI" file. You will now
need to check in the "MSI" sub-directory below
the "RELEASE" sub-directory. This should contain two
program files, named INSTMSI.EXE and INSTMSIW.EXE. You will need to run the
first file if you're using Windows 98 (or similar), and the second file if
you're using Windows NT (or similar). Run the program by double-clicking on
the file name in the Windows File manager. Not much visible should happen
when the program runs. Then, return to the "VBA6.MSI"
file and double-click on it again. This time it should run
and VBA will be installed.
Finally, reboot your computer. This final step may not be necessary but it's
easier to do it than not, if only for peace of mind. We have now
installed VBA for IntelliCAD.
There is one final step to perform. It will be necessary, assuming you're
using the standard IntelliCAD screen menu, to select OPTIONS from
the TOOLS menu pulldown. Then, on the GENERAL tab, set the
Experience Level to "Advanced". This will cause
a "Visual Basic" menu entry to be available from about
midway down the TOOLS pulldown.
While the VBA Editor can be directly accessed from the TOOLS menu, it can
also be called from the program's command line. There are several
commands available, all named to approximately correspond
with the equivalent VBA commands to be found in AutoCAD,
although in some cases their functions are quite
different. These commands are, VBA or VBAIDE - call up the
VBA Editor Screen VBALOAD or VBAUNLOAD - call up the Add
In Manager Dialogue Box VBARUN - call up the dialogue box
to run a VBA macro (program) You can also use the
variation, "-VBARUN" to call up a program without displaying
the dialogue box on the screen.
In short, you use VBA to get the Editor up for programming, and use VBARUN to
cause the program to execute. The VBALOAD/VBAUNLOAD options bring
up a menu which appears to involve the loading of external
"Add In" program modules (DLL's), which can be
created in a standalone copy of Visual Basic, and for
which I still need to learn more. In general there is a lack of any
useful documentation for much of the IntelliCAD VBA implementation, but
any prior knowledge of Visual Basic is a major benefit.
The final subject we will cover here is how to get a VBA application to
run from a menu. Although we've not touched on any programming
here, we will address some examples of VBA applications in
the next installment of these articles.
We will prepare a small (one item) pulldown menu to load and execute a
VBA application. This following menu code is for a simple menu,
to be appended to the existing IntelliCAD menu, which will
run an application function called "LoadApp"
located in the "CommonProjects.vbi" file in IntelliCAD
(more about the "CommonProjects" file in the next instalment).
***MENUGROUP=Test
***POP1
[Test]
[Run Application]^C^C-VBARUN;LoadApp;
When this menu file is appended (import the file with the "append"
check
box set, using the CUSTOMISE option in the TOOLS
pulldown) to your existing menu, a new menu item called
"Test" will be available. When this is selected
an option called "Run Application" will be presented. If this
is selected a function called "LoadApp" will be run from the program
code stored in the "CommonProjects.vbi" file located in
the IntelliCAD base directory. The suffix "VBI"
is given to IntelliCAD VBA programs. These can be
associated with a specific drawing file, in which case a file with the
same name as the drawing file will be created, but with the "VBI" file
suffix, or they can be common to all drawings, in which case they
are placed in the "CommonProjects" file.
The "Run Macro" screen in IntelliCAD
Although we've covered several unrelated, and possibly
confusing, items here, anyone with familiarity in Visual
Basic should now have enough information to be able to
start exploring VBA in IntelliCAD. For the rest, there
will be more articles in this series where we will introduce the use of Visual
Basic for Applications and how it can be applied to perform practical
operations within IntelliCAD.
